Federalism Essay Example For Students

Federalism Essay Federalism is a political system comprised of several local units of government and one national government that can both make decisions with respect to at least some governmental activities and whose existence is specially protected. Sovereignty is shared so that on some matters the national government is supreme, and on some matters the state governments are supreme. But in the last twenty-five years, the increase of federal mandates on state and local governments has shifted the balance of power between national and state governments. The national government is beginning to have more control over the states actions. Federal mandates are rules imposed by the federal government on the states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs. In a large nation, there are bound to be diverse needs which can be met by the state government. This subdivision of government also leaves the national government to deal with much broader topics that involve the whole nation, without having to concentrate on these individual needs. The political system that Federalism is based on democracy. A democracy is a government run by the people, in which either people themselves make the laws and enforce them as a governmental body, called a direct democracy, or they elect representatives to express the views of the people, known as a representative democracy. There are two types of representative democracy, presidential and parliamentary. . The social system of Federalism under this democracy is summed up fairly well by Carl Becker, a distinguished political historian. Becker said that the basic beliefs surrounding a democracy are within the creativity and individuality of the people. Because of this freedom of individuality, political parties have come about, in which people with the same political views can join togetherand support each other, two examples being the Republican and Democratic parties in the US. Aside from letting individuals speak out, democracies see all humans as equals and government will only exist if these people agree that it is working well. Although democracies have not been common in history, the ones that did exist succeeded in governing their people well, such as the one in the United States today. The economy that works best with Federalism is capitalism. This economy began with the theoryof laissez faire, or a hands off economy. What this means is that once the economy starts rolling, the government does not rule over it. It is left alone to change and govern itself. This economy is based on competition between the citizens of the nation, called free enterprise. People want to earn as much money as they can, but in order to do this they need to work hard to compete with everyone else who have the same motives. Prices fluctuate based on supply and demand. The government does not set a specific price for any goods or services. A perfect form of capitalism has never been accomplished, but the modern day United States is very close. Under Federalism, the military is not mandatory. People can join if they want to, but do not have to, unless the country is at war and they are drafted. A military seems to grow particularly well in a Federalist society. Currently, the Federalist military of the United States is the largest in the world. Military is also not idealized, meaning it is not the most important part of Federalism. In the US, the president is also the head of the military, showing that government comes before the army. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- .

How to Increase Blog Traffic in 2019 (2 Essential Strategies)

How to increase blog traffic is a topic that basically all bloggers should learn more about. Heres what I mean: Given the growth in recent years, there are probably more than 250 million blogs online right now.Of those, only around 50% of all blog posts get more than 8 shares.Even  42% of professionally marketed blog posts receive less than 10 interactions!And it looks like less than 1% of articles hit 1000 shares.(Chart by Visualizer Lite.)But Ill let you in on a little secretMost people, even professionals, really suck at marketing their posts. They just arent taking the right steps or building the right relationships.Which is why Im writing this post. How to Increase Blog Traffic: Two Strategies You Need to FollowIll begin with a quick overview of the strategies, then well  break them down further step by step.Here they are:The Long-Term Game: SEOSharing on Social Media (The Right Way)If youre ready to start getting real blog traffic, real fast, then keep reading. You wont be disappointed.Strategy #1: Start With SEOIf youre starting a blog, every single blog post you write should have a keyword in mind.Yes, there are exceptions like writing a news piece thats only pertinent because of some event or writing an update about your services but for the most part, you want to optimize every post around a keyword.There are a few reasons for this:SEO takes a while, so if youre optimized from the start, youll get there faster.Organic traffic is at the top of the list of marketing channels on the web, being responsible for hundreds of thousands of visitors to top blogs in every niche.Theres no reason  not to do it. As long as youre not keyword stuffing, youll benefit in the long run and eventually learn how to increase blog traffic.Its not super difficult, either. Some people even believe (myself included) that SEO is still low-hanging fruit for many bloggers. Its because SEO  seems complicated, so most people avoid it lessening the competition.Let me brea k it down really quickly, and give you some resources to get started:1. SEO starts with keyword research.Obviously, if you want to rank on Google, you need to know what keyword you want to rank for. Ive written extensively about how to find great keywords before. But it pretty much comes down to using the right tools:Ahrefs  (paid tool) to spy on competitors keywords.Google Keyword Planner  (free) to find related keywords for a seed keyword.Just take a seed keyword (such as low carb recipes if thats what you write about) and plug it in one of the tools. You can also google that keyword and look at the autofill and related searches at the bottom of the page:Then, take all those related keywords and plug them into one of the keyword research tools above. When you find one with a low keyword difficulty, create a post around that topic, including your primary keyword and its related keywords. This is your first step to learning how to increase blog traffic.If youre using GKP, you ca n get a rough idea of the difficulty based on the domain authority (DA) of the search results when you Google that keyword. You can find DA with Moz Open Site Explorer.  As a rule of thumb, if a lot of the posts have a DA of over 40 or 50, its probably going to be tough to outrank them. But using Ahrefs or SEMrush will give you a better picture.2. Once youve written a post, optimize it for your target keyword.Optimizing a page for a certain keyword is called on-page SEO. Its actually pretty simple.Heres an amazing infographic by Brian Dean that shows it visually:Easy-peasy, right?3. For maximum results, build some links.Link-building is a major part of SEO these days and a crucial element to learning how to increase blog traffic plus, the #1 reason SEO is a low-hanging fruit. Most people simply skip this step entirely.Thats a big no-no. Links are one of Googles top 2 ranking factors, according to Googles own Andrey Lipattsev. (If youre curious, the other in the top 2 is content.) Building high-quality backlinks on relevant sites isnt hard, but it is time-consuming. It requires a lot of manual outreach.There are other factors to consider with SEO as well, such as boosting site speed and ensuring your pages work well on mobile, but now you know the basics! (P.S. Here are 5 quick ways to speed up your site, if youre interested.)Enough about SEO lets move on to a more familiar channel.Strategy #2:  Do social media the right way.Most people are using social media as a platform to push out their content. This is completely, 100% wrong!Gary Vee, one of the worlds most well-known social media marketing experts, believes in the Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook method. In other words, you need to put out at least three posts or updates that are completely free value to your followers before trying to get anything in return.That could mean sharing other influencers content, sharing your followers content, or putting out free guides with no gateway (meaning you dont make th em give you their email). Then you can promote that post with all the affiliate links or with your products involved or however you monetize your blog.Just live by this quote, and youll do fine on social media:Your story needs to move peoples spirits and build their goodwill, so that when you finally do ask them to buy from you, they feel like youve given them so much it would be almost rude to refuse.Gary VeeBut you want practical steps on how to increase blog traffic. So lets get to the nitty grittyIf you want more traffic from social media, do this:Involve your community in your blog content.Link to other bloggers content,  get influencers to give you quotes to include in your posts and share other peoples content. When you do, tag them in it and make them look really friggin good. Compliment their work and drop thoughtful insights within your post.For example, in a recent post I wrote on my travel blog, I interviewed over 20 full-time RVers. They shared their stories of why a nd how they decided RV living was right for them, and what they love about it. In the post, I used big images of them and linked to their site and their social media profiles I made them look really good.When I shared it on social media, I tagged all of them in the post. It resulted in over 66 shares and 13,000 people reached! (Note that I did make small $5 ad spend. If you want help with Facebook ads, I highly recommend KlientBoost   they can mage your ads for you.)To find influencers, you can use an influencer discovery tool or just search Google for KEYWORD influencers. If you want their input, the best way to get it is to send them an email. I used MailShake to automate the process of reaching out to all the influencers involved in the post I shared above.Next tip:Get involved in social media groups.There are Facebook groups for every niche out there. You also have Google+ communities, LinkedIn groups, and Twitter chats.These are communities of people all interested in the to pic you blog about. If youre not tapping into that, youre not doing it right. Theyre easy enough to find just type your topic into the search bar. I did that to find relevant full-time RVing groups.Its done basically the same way on G+ and LinkedIn. Join some of the groups with lots of members.Here are a few guiding principles to make this work well:Always follow the rules the owner sets. Always.Do NOT post any of your own content until youve built a strong relationship with the community. This could take a few days, or a few weeks, depending on how big and active the group is. I recommend posting at least 10-20 times with helpful comments before you drop a link.Share relevant and useful stuff. Just like we discussed in the last section, share your peers and the industry influencers stuff in the group and tag them.See rules 1 and 2.Its really that simple. I used this strategy to drive over 2,000 visitors to a single post. You can do it too. Be helpful, friendly, and genuine all ma rketing boils down to those three things.One last tip on how to increase blog traffic before you go on your wayLeverage the right social media channels.Facebook is obviously the biggest social media channel by far. But its certainly not the only one driving traffic.Personally, Ive written about SaaS, eCommerce, travel, health, and almost every marketing topic imaginable. After testing all those topics on different channels, Ive found the two biggest social traffic drivers to be (drum roll please)PinterestFacebookThese two channels are responsible for close to 9,000 visitors in less than a month to just two blog posts.The cool part is that I didnt even have a single Pinterest follower at the beginning of that month! And I still only have less than 100 followers.I did it by following Side Hustle Nations Pinterest traffic guide. It was super easy to set up and worked like a charm.ConclusionYou now know how to increase blog traffic in 2019.SEO provides you with massive long-term gains, while social media provides more immediate traffic and an audience to help you in the long run. These two essential strategies are short and sweet enough to be mastered in an afternoon, yet powerful enough to move the needle in your business.If you found this article helpful, please share it so we can reach as many people as possible. How to increase blog #traffic in 2019 (2 essential strategies) Click To Tweet What marketing strategies are you using in 2019? Let us know in the comments below!

First Battle of Bull Run in the American Civil War

First Battle of Bull Run in the American Civil War The First Battle of Bull Run was fought on July 21, 1861, during the American Civil War (1861-1865), and was the first major battle of the conflict. Advancing into northern Virginia, Union and Confederate troops clashed near Manassas Junction. Though Union forces held an early advantage, an overly-complex plan and the arrival of Confederate reinforcements led to their collapse and they were driven from the from field. The defeat shocked the public in the North and quashed hopes for a swift resolution to the conflict.   Background In the wake of the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 men to aid in putting down the rebellion. While this action saw additional states leave the Union, it also began a flow of men and material into Washington, DC. The growing body of troops in the nations capital was ultimately organized in to the Army of Northeastern Virginia. To lead this force, General Winfield Scott was compelled by political forces to select Brigadier General Irvin McDowell. A career staff officer, McDowell had never led men in combat and in many ways was as green as his troops. Assembling around 35,000 men, McDowell was supported to the west by Major General Robert Patterson and a Union force of 18,000 men. Opposing the Union commanders were two Confederate armies led by Brigadier Generals P.G.T. Beauregard and Joseph E. Johnston. The victor of Fort Sumter, Beauregard led the 22,000-man Confederate Army of the Potomac which was centered near Manassas Junction. To the west, Johnston was tasked with defending the Shenandoah Valley with a force of around 12,000. The two Confederate commands were linked by the Manassas Gap Railroad which would allow one to support the other if attacked (Map). Armies Commanders Union Brigadier General Irvin McDowell28,000-35,000 men Confederate Brigadier General P.G.T. BeauregardBrigadier General Joseph E. Johnston32,000-34,000 men Strategic Situation As Manassas Junction also provided access to the Orange Alexandria Railroad, which led into the heart of Virginia, it was critical that Beauregard hold the position. To defend the junction, Confederate troops began fortifying the fords to the northeast over Bull Run. Aware that the Confederates could shift troops along the Manassas Gap Railroad, Union planners dictated that any advance by McDowell be supported by Patterson with the goal of pinning Johnston in place. Under heavy pressure from the government to win a victory in northern Virginia, McDowell departed Washington on July 16, 1861. McDowells Plan Moving west with his army, he intended to make a diversionary attack against the Bull Run line with two columns while a third swung south around the Confederate right flank to cut their line of retreat to Richmond. To ensure that Johnston would not enter the fray, Patterson was ordered to advance up the Valley. Enduring extreme summer weather, McDowells men moved slowly and camped at Centreville on July 18. Searching for the Confederate flank, he dispatched Brigadier General Daniel Tylers division south. Advancing, they fought a skirmish at Blackburns Ford that afternoon and were forced to withdraw (Map). Frustrated in his efforts to turn the Confederate right, McDowell altered his plan and began efforts against the enemys left. His new plan called for Tylers division to advance west along the Warrenton Turnpike and conduct a diversionary assault across the Stone Bridge over Bull Run. As this moved forward, the divisions of Brigadier Generals David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman would swing north, cross Bull Run at Sudley Springs Ford, and descend on the Confederate rear. To the west, Patterson was proving a timid commander. Deciding that Patterson would not attack, Johnston began shifting his men east on July 19. The Battle Begins By July 20, most of Johnstons men had arrived and were situated near Blackburns Ford. Assessing the situation, Beauregard intended to attack north towards Centreville. This plan was preempted early on the morning of July 21 when Union guns began shelling his headquarters at the McLean House near Mitchells Ford. Despite having crafted an intelligent plan, McDowells attack was soon beset with issues due to poor scouting and the overall inexperience of his men. While Tylers men reached the Stone Bridge around 6:00 AM, the flanking columns were hours behind due to poor roads leading to Sudley Springs. Early Success Union troops began crossing the ford around 9:30 AM and pushed south. Holding the Confederate left was the 1,100-man brigade of Colonel Nathan Evans. Dispatching troops to contain Tyler at the Stone Bridge, he was alerted to the flanking movement by a semaphore communication from Captain E.P. Alexander. Shifting around 900 men northwest, he assumed a position on Matthews Hill and was reinforced by Brigadier General Barnard Bee and Colonel Francis Bartow. From this position they were able to slow the advance of Hunters lead brigade under Brigadier General Ambrose Burnside (Map). This line collapsed around 11:30 AM when the brigade of Colonel William T. Sherman struck their right. Falling back in disorder, they assumed a new position on Henry House Hill under the protection of Confederate artillery. Though possessing momentum, McDowell did not push forward, but instead brought up artillery under Captains Charles Griffin and James Ricketts to shell the enemy from Dogan Ridge. This pause allowed Colonel Thomas Jacksons Virginia Brigade to reach the hill. Positioned on the reverse slope of the hill, they were unseen by the Union commanders. The Tide Turns Advancing his guns without support, McDowell sought to weaken the Confederate line before attacking. After more delays during which the artillerymen took heavy losses, he began a series of piecemeal attacks. These were repulsed with the Confederate counterattacking in turn. In the course of this action, Bee exclaimed, There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Some controversy exists regarding this statement as some later reports claimed that Bee was upset at Jackson for not moving to his brigades aid faster and that stone wall was meant in a pejorative sense. Regardless, the name stuck to both Jackson and his brigade for the remainder of the war. In the course of the fighting, there were several issues of unit recognition as uniforms and flags had not been standardized (Map). On Henry House Hill, Jacksons men turned back numerous attacks, while additional reinforcements arrived on both sides. Around 4:00 PM, Colonel Oliver O. Howard arrived on the field with his brigade and took a position on the Union right. He soon came under heavy attack by Confederate troops led by Colonels Arnold Elzey and Jubal Early. Shattering Howards right flank, they drove him from the field. Seeing this, Beauregard ordered a general advance which caused the tired Union troops to begin a disorganized retreat towards Bull Run. Unable to rally his men, McDowell watched as the retreat became a rout (Map). Seeking to pursue the fleeing Union troops, Beauregard and Johnston initially hoped to reach Centreville and cut off McDowells retreat. This was thwarted by fresh Union troops which successfully held the road to the town as well as a rumor that a new Union attack was in the offing. Small groups of Confederates continued the pursuit capturing Union troops as well as dignitaries who had come from Washington to watch the battle. They also succeeded in hampering the retreat by causing a wagon to overturn on the bridge over Cub Run, blocking Union traffic. Aftermath In the fighting at Bull Run, Union forces lost 460 killed, 1,124 wounded, and 1,312 captured/missing, while the Confederates incurred 387 killed, 1,582 wounded, and 13 missing. The remnants of McDowells army flowed back into Washington and for some time there was concern that the city would be attacked. The defeat stunned the North which had expected an easy victory and led many to believe that the war would be long and costly. On July 22, Lincoln signed a bill calling for 500,000 volunteers and efforts began to rebuild the army. These ultimately came under the commander of Major General George B. McClellan. Reorganizing the troops around Washington and incorporating newly-arriving units, he constructed what would become the Army of the Potomac. This command would serve as the Unions primary army in the east for the rest of the war.

5-Year Plans and Its Role in Russian History between 1924 and 1945 Essay

5-Year Plans and Its Role in Russian History between 1924 and 1945 - Essay Example A third Five Year Plan was also launched in 1938 to double the 1937 levels, however, this came to a premature end in 1941 when the Soviet Union entered the Second World War and the focus changed from industrialization and national growth to weapon production to support the Soviet military. In effect, the three Five Year plans brought holistic and comprehensive changes to Stalin's Russia which moved the former backward agrarian country to the class of dominant world powers. This paper examines important elements and components of the three Five Year Plans and their impact on Russian history between 1924 and 1945. Background The Five Year Plans of Stalin was a move from the backward peasantry that existed under the Tsarist regime to a modern industrialized nation under the new Communist regime (Sladkovski, 1966). The overthrow of the Tsarist regime in 1917 and the Russian Civil War led to the complete collapse of Russia's already backward systems. In 1921 when the Bolshevik consolidate d power, Lenin introduced War Communism where communes were filled with the concept of a proletariat state where the working class and commoners were to work for the betterment of the society without a bourgeois class who were seen as rich business owners who exploited the commoners. In his vision, the society was to remain classless and everyone was to work for the betterment of the society without being exploited, according to the Marxist theories. Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy to stimulate economic activity in trade, manufacture, and agriculture (Bonnell, 1999). The New Economic Policy of Lenin blended Capitalism with Socialism (Life Magazine, 1943). It permitted peasants to sell surplus foods on the open market (Life Magazine, 1943). After the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin took over and one of the things he did was to abolish the New Economic Policy. Stalin's Motivation and Vision When Stalin took over power, he took drastic steps to reorganize the Soviet economy and social order. In doing this, Stalin built on some elements of Lenin's ideas and this include 1. A single party state 2. Single official ideology 3. Manipulation of legality and 4. Promoting state's economic dominance (Service, 2005). The plans were meant to consolidate important elements of the Soviet Union in order to attain the following ends. Stalin, therefore, used all the opportunities and power at his disposal to do so by launching the Five-Year Plans which created a framework within which the country strove to attain the four ends that were identified from the era of Lenin. By the era of 1929 and 1930, the Soviet Union was heavily reliant on technology from the United States and Germany (Jacobson, 1994). Russia needed structures to become self-dependent. In doing this, there was the need for the country to have the right structures. One of them was to be able to manufacture its own inputs in areas like steel production and in primary research.

Human Resource Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Human Resource - Research Paper Example ining close collaboration between the various functional departments and resolving inter-departmental issues are a matter of daily occurrence for an HR manager. An HR manager may be required to generate reports based on staff related issues on a daily basis or as required. An HR manager is required to weekly assess the performance of staff, identify the loopholes, suggest and implement corrective measures to improve the performance in the upcoming week. Also, the HR manager weekly reviews the expenses and verifies that they conform to the pre-defined budget for the specific activities. An HR manager attends monthly meetings among the project parties and represents the HR department in such meetings. An HR manager might be required to administer and review the progress of the research conducted by the organization on a monthly basis. An HR manager assumes a huge responsibility in conducting meaningful research. Project managers work in close collaboration with the HR managers in the allocation of budgets to various projects and the constituent activities every year. â€Å"Ensure compliance to the approved salary budget; give focus on pay for performance and salary benchmarks where available.† (Goyal, 2010). Besides, HR managers are consulted while selecting the staff to be promoted after an analysis of their past year performance. To me, the job of an HR manager is too serious and sensitive in nature to be interesting, though one always feels special being on such an authoritative position as that of an HR manager. However, an HR manager might find it interesting to learn the departmental issues and resolve inter-departmental conflicts. What is not interesting about the job of an HR manager is that many project managers tend to sideline HR managers as they view them as their professional competitors. As an HR manager, I can be very good at decision making because the decisions I take usually prove beneficial for me and for others in the long run. However, I need

The Need For Women Empowerment Sociology Essay

The Need For Women Empowerment Sociology Essay Seeing as the older era, a woman has been treated as inferior citizens of all across the world. The position is more or less the same universally irrespective of the urbanized nation. Women have been consigned to inferior position regardless of the fact that they numerically represent about 50% of the world population today. In perspective of sound and qualified ability, this situation has lowered the womans self-esteem, autonomy and pride as human beings. Therefore, women empowerment is a compelling issue in the present world. Women empowerment is the course of actions taken by women to have ownership and control of their lives through extension of their selections (Khan Awan, 2011).  Now this paper will discuss about the factors i.e.; gender inequality, lack of education and that hinders women empowerment and also several recommendations to promote it. In the extremely commencement of evolution, women enjoyed a highly regarded position in society at equivalence with men. They dynamically indulged in social, religious dealings as well as in competition. Moreover, the traditional ceremonies were considered imperfect if women do not participate. Though, it was their considerable constitution which became hurdle on the approach of doing a variety of different complicated tasks. Gradually, they start becoming dependent on men for their food, work and other necessities. During the development of society, the position of women changed because of the establishment of patriarchy i.e; male dominancy. Gradually, male dominancy enters in society and the caliber of women is been thrown up, who surpass the skills on men. Women have made great progress in different areas of life and got achievements like teacher, doctor, engineer, pilots etc. This achievement should really appreciate as they have achieved these things by passing through highly wo rst situations and at the cost of severe social criticism. According to the Fourth UN World Conference for Women, men-controlled society, firm traditional standards and inflexible socio-cultural customs makes women to suffer (Awan, 2012). Although, a lot of effort has been done by civil society organizations, microfinance institutes, governing bodies, different international bodies like CARE, UNICEF to uplift women but the status of women is more or less same in the present circumstances. Women are discriminated and more subjected to problems in many aspects because of gendered social structure. The fact is evident that women are among the vulnerable segment in society (Naz, Ibrahim Ahmed, 2012). Gender inequality influences women empowerment in a negative manner. In todays world, although females are working in many fields of work but they are still considered weak in comparison with men. Many cultures and societies question womans ability to work in certain tasks. For instance; in Africa, politics and economics are believed to be fields for males. Moreover, in Nigeria, it is a tradition that males will not participate in domestic work but its only a responsibility of women. According to the Liberal Feminism theory, society believes that women are by nature less intellectual and physically less capable which excludes women from political, economical and academic domains (Bimolain, 2013). In Pakistan, women discrimination is very apparent in every aspect. As there is a male dominant society, women are restricted to have participation in jobs, properties and even they do not have the right to raise their voice. A study was done in Faisalabad and Rawalpindi to measure the empowerment level of women in study area and to identify the socio-cultural factors that influence women empowerment in domestic aspect. Results showed that majority of women had lack of resources and low education, their paid job involvement was negligible, low level of awareness about their rights, less decision making ability, less mobility and lower level of participation in family discussions (Khan, 2010). The need for women empowerment came through minor position they were getting for so long. The empowerment is a tool that can bring change in their socio-economic condition. It has been known that no society can progress without the women lag behind. Empowerment needs to start on with women involvement in different aspects of life. Education contains a huge value in this view but education for promoting women empowerment is still not fully understood. To attain empowerment women have to have education about their rights with in a modern society. It is the education that can convey knowledge in them associated with their social status, prejudice and discrimination for them. According to International Center for Research on Women (2005), women with higher education have more control over their destinies. Moreover, higher education also plays a pivotal role in reducing violence against women, female and infant mortality and risky behaviors. Studies done in Africa and Latin America showed that education lowers risky behaviors and risk of sexually transmitted diseases (A second look, 2005). Besides this, financial autonomy is the most important factor that contributes in empowering women. In Pakistan, women are getting educated but still there is a great discrimination. According to Islamic teachings; It is a duty of every Muslim man and woman to seek knowledge (Tariq, n.d.). Usually, it is observed that if the family affords to give education only to their one child, they always choose male to be their bread earner. In Pakistan, 69% men are literate whereas for females literacy rate is 45% only which indicates a great gender gap. To improve women empowerment worldwide, people need to change their own perspectives, norms and values. Women and men are equal in all respect and there must be some effective work to be done to make women to work equally with men in every aspect of life. There should be some comprehensive framework for women on the national and international level and effective ways for its implementation and monitoring. Women right should be protected in every aspect on governmental level. For Instance, discrimination and abuse against women would lead to jail immediately and have to pay cash penalties. Health resources should be made accessible and affordable to reduce female mortalities but on the other hand women should be given enough freedom to go for their checkups without their husbands as well because humanity comes first irrespective of any culture. Western countries instead of raising voice for the violation of right of women in Pakistan should help them to make the standard living of wom en by building schools for their education and some vocational training should be there so that they can groom their abilities and to provide the opportunities of earning especially for the women living in rural areas. The main cause of violation of women rights is the lack of earning opportunities and education. If empowerment of women will be their then next coming generation will be more educated and then women will be secured and less hesitated to raise the voice against their rights. Moreover, effective higher education should be provided to poor women with low fees or there must some financial assistance from different governmental bodies. According to one study done in Egypt, it was found that women with post-secondary schooling were about 25 percent more likely to be formally employed (A second look, 2005). Participation in politics and decision making on broader level should be in cooperated so that women can raise their voices and opinions and fight for their rights. Biasn ess regarding sexes and stereotypes against women must be taken under consideration to save women from violence. There must be counseling sessions for women in both the rural and urban areas so as to make females aware of their rights, needs and risky behaviors and their consequences. This crucial insight suggests that strategies for change need to be targeted at specific groups of girls and women and significant others such as fathers, husbands and sons, taking into account their particular circumstances (David, 2012). In Islam, women have given huge respect as it can be proved by the sayings of Prophet Muhammad that PARADISE LIES UNDER MOTHER FEET. Whether it is a Pakistani society or western, women should get equal rights and respect from every aspect. The chore is not too complex to accomplish. Two things that are honesty and sincerity on the element of those concerned are required. If the change occurs in lots of women then definitely it will provide a constructive impact on society. Hence, the womens empowerment is the need of the hour. Word count: 1379 1328 Words Essay on Womens Empowerment in India http://cssexam2013.blogspot.com/2012/11/essay-women-empowerment-in-pakistan.html http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482560 The task is not too difficult to achieve. The honesty and sincerity on the part of those involved is a must. If the lots of women change, definitely it will have a positive impact on society. Hence, the womens empowerment is the need of the hour.

Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html