The Need For Women Empowerment Sociology Essay

The Need For Women Empowerment Sociology Essay Seeing as the older era, a woman has been treated as inferior citizens of all across the world. The position is more or less the same universally irrespective of the urbanized nation. Women have been consigned to inferior position regardless of the fact that they numerically represent about 50% of the world population today. In perspective of sound and qualified ability, this situation has lowered the womans self-esteem, autonomy and pride as human beings. Therefore, women empowerment is a compelling issue in the present world. Women empowerment is the course of actions taken by women to have ownership and control of their lives through extension of their selections (Khan Awan, 2011).  Now this paper will discuss about the factors i.e.; gender inequality, lack of education and that hinders women empowerment and also several recommendations to promote it. In the extremely commencement of evolution, women enjoyed a highly regarded position in society at equivalence with men. They dynamically indulged in social, religious dealings as well as in competition. Moreover, the traditional ceremonies were considered imperfect if women do not participate. Though, it was their considerable constitution which became hurdle on the approach of doing a variety of different complicated tasks. Gradually, they start becoming dependent on men for their food, work and other necessities. During the development of society, the position of women changed because of the establishment of patriarchy i.e; male dominancy. Gradually, male dominancy enters in society and the caliber of women is been thrown up, who surpass the skills on men. Women have made great progress in different areas of life and got achievements like teacher, doctor, engineer, pilots etc. This achievement should really appreciate as they have achieved these things by passing through highly wo rst situations and at the cost of severe social criticism. According to the Fourth UN World Conference for Women, men-controlled society, firm traditional standards and inflexible socio-cultural customs makes women to suffer (Awan, 2012). Although, a lot of effort has been done by civil society organizations, microfinance institutes, governing bodies, different international bodies like CARE, UNICEF to uplift women but the status of women is more or less same in the present circumstances. Women are discriminated and more subjected to problems in many aspects because of gendered social structure. The fact is evident that women are among the vulnerable segment in society (Naz, Ibrahim Ahmed, 2012). Gender inequality influences women empowerment in a negative manner. In todays world, although females are working in many fields of work but they are still considered weak in comparison with men. Many cultures and societies question womans ability to work in certain tasks. For instance; in Africa, politics and economics are believed to be fields for males. Moreover, in Nigeria, it is a tradition that males will not participate in domestic work but its only a responsibility of women. According to the Liberal Feminism theory, society believes that women are by nature less intellectual and physically less capable which excludes women from political, economical and academic domains (Bimolain, 2013). In Pakistan, women discrimination is very apparent in every aspect. As there is a male dominant society, women are restricted to have participation in jobs, properties and even they do not have the right to raise their voice. A study was done in Faisalabad and Rawalpindi to measure the empowerment level of women in study area and to identify the socio-cultural factors that influence women empowerment in domestic aspect. Results showed that majority of women had lack of resources and low education, their paid job involvement was negligible, low level of awareness about their rights, less decision making ability, less mobility and lower level of participation in family discussions (Khan, 2010). The need for women empowerment came through minor position they were getting for so long. The empowerment is a tool that can bring change in their socio-economic condition. It has been known that no society can progress without the women lag behind. Empowerment needs to start on with women involvement in different aspects of life. Education contains a huge value in this view but education for promoting women empowerment is still not fully understood. To attain empowerment women have to have education about their rights with in a modern society. It is the education that can convey knowledge in them associated with their social status, prejudice and discrimination for them. According to International Center for Research on Women (2005), women with higher education have more control over their destinies. Moreover, higher education also plays a pivotal role in reducing violence against women, female and infant mortality and risky behaviors. Studies done in Africa and Latin America showed that education lowers risky behaviors and risk of sexually transmitted diseases (A second look, 2005). Besides this, financial autonomy is the most important factor that contributes in empowering women. In Pakistan, women are getting educated but still there is a great discrimination. According to Islamic teachings; It is a duty of every Muslim man and woman to seek knowledge (Tariq, n.d.). Usually, it is observed that if the family affords to give education only to their one child, they always choose male to be their bread earner. In Pakistan, 69% men are literate whereas for females literacy rate is 45% only which indicates a great gender gap. To improve women empowerment worldwide, people need to change their own perspectives, norms and values. Women and men are equal in all respect and there must be some effective work to be done to make women to work equally with men in every aspect of life. There should be some comprehensive framework for women on the national and international level and effective ways for its implementation and monitoring. Women right should be protected in every aspect on governmental level. For Instance, discrimination and abuse against women would lead to jail immediately and have to pay cash penalties. Health resources should be made accessible and affordable to reduce female mortalities but on the other hand women should be given enough freedom to go for their checkups without their husbands as well because humanity comes first irrespective of any culture. Western countries instead of raising voice for the violation of right of women in Pakistan should help them to make the standard living of wom en by building schools for their education and some vocational training should be there so that they can groom their abilities and to provide the opportunities of earning especially for the women living in rural areas. The main cause of violation of women rights is the lack of earning opportunities and education. If empowerment of women will be their then next coming generation will be more educated and then women will be secured and less hesitated to raise the voice against their rights. Moreover, effective higher education should be provided to poor women with low fees or there must some financial assistance from different governmental bodies. According to one study done in Egypt, it was found that women with post-secondary schooling were about 25 percent more likely to be formally employed (A second look, 2005). Participation in politics and decision making on broader level should be in cooperated so that women can raise their voices and opinions and fight for their rights. Biasn ess regarding sexes and stereotypes against women must be taken under consideration to save women from violence. There must be counseling sessions for women in both the rural and urban areas so as to make females aware of their rights, needs and risky behaviors and their consequences. This crucial insight suggests that strategies for change need to be targeted at specific groups of girls and women and significant others such as fathers, husbands and sons, taking into account their particular circumstances (David, 2012). In Islam, women have given huge respect as it can be proved by the sayings of Prophet Muhammad that PARADISE LIES UNDER MOTHER FEET. Whether it is a Pakistani society or western, women should get equal rights and respect from every aspect. The chore is not too complex to accomplish. Two things that are honesty and sincerity on the element of those concerned are required. If the change occurs in lots of women then definitely it will provide a constructive impact on society. Hence, the womens empowerment is the need of the hour. Word count: 1379 1328 Words Essay on Womens Empowerment in India http://cssexam2013.blogspot.com/2012/11/essay-women-empowerment-in-pakistan.html http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482560 The task is not too difficult to achieve. The honesty and sincerity on the part of those involved is a must. If the lots of women change, definitely it will have a positive impact on society. Hence, the womens empowerment is the need of the hour.

Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html

Paragraphing in Academic Writing Essay

Although it often seems that paragraphs can take an infinite number of forms, there are really only a few formats for paragraphing in formal, academic prose. What makes paragraphs seem unique to the reader is the style of the writer’s prose, not the actual format of the information. There are four main types of paragraphs in academic prose: the standard paragraph, the explanatory paragraph, the evidential paragraph, and the introductory paragraph (whose format is sometimes mirrored in the conclusion). Note that the rules and formats described here apply to formal, academic prose, as opposed to paragraphing in newspapers, business, or electronic discourse. Each kind of writing has its own conventions, that is, rules and rhetorical strategies unique to a particular form of composition. In poetry, for example, line breaks contribute to the poem’s rhythm and overall message and mark the poem as a poem, not as another kind of writing. Conventions in paragraphing can vary from one kind of writing to another as well. In newspaper writing, paragraphs are one to three sentences because the narrow columns used in newspapers make even the shortest paragraph seem long. In electronic discourse, shorter paragraphs and more listing is used because it is more pleasing to the eye–taking advantage of the internet’s more visual features. A. Standard Paragraph Format Standard paragraphs are the most frequently used paragraph format and most of your essay paragraphs should follow this format. Standard paragraphs contain the following elements in order: 1. Most begin with a topic sentence that makes the main point to be discussed, analyzed, or argued within that paragraph. On very rare occasions, the paragraph may begin with a transition from the last paragraph, followed by the topic sentence for the new paragraph. Paragraphs do not begin with quotations or other kinds of evidence. Evidence must be introduced after the point of the paragraph is made and explained. 2. Following the topic sentence, there is an explanation and/or further development of the point proposed in the topic sentence that clarifies and expands on this point. This explanation adds to the reader’s understanding of the point. 3. Following the explanation or development of the point, the writer introduces evidence. Introducing evidence includes informing the reader who the information comes from and where (i.e. author and article or book title or foundation, etc.). Such an introduction is an important part of source documentation and helps the reader understand where the evidence portion of the paragraph begins and how the evidence is being used. It is literally a signal to the reader that you have stopped talking and your source has started talking. 4. Once introduced, you provide the actual proof or evidence. This may come in the form of supporting evidence like statistics or quotations or other kinds of softer evidence like anecdotes or eye-witness accounts. Evidence is presented primarily as a paraphrase or summary, with only an occasional pithy, apt quote. It is limited to a few lines, so that the primary focus of the paragraph is on the writer’s point. Evidence must also be cited properly once given, using parenthetical documentation. (See your textbook for more information on citation.) This parenthetical documentation provides additional, helpful information that pinpoints even more accurately where the evidence can be found and signals the reader that you are going to resume speaking on the topic. 5. After providing proof, you must always explain the meaning of the evidence and tie its meaning to the point you are making so that the reader understands it the way you understand it. Never let evidence stand on its own merit; it must be interpreted for the reader, in light of the point being made, so that the reader understands the meaning and relevance of it. Otherwise, the reader may see the evidence in a different light or be completely lost as to its significance. Thus, evidence must always be explained, even if it seems self-evident to you. Working out the explanation of the evidence is also a helpful check on your own insights. If you can’t explain your evidence in light of your point, then it probably doesn’t support the point you are making. 6. The paragraph closes with either a summation of the main point or some kind of transition to the next point. This reminds the reader of the argument in progress, its essential points, and the connection between points. B. Explanatory Paragraphs Explanatory paragraphs are used to allow the writer to expand on and explain particularly complex points before providing the reader with a lot of examples or evidence. In particular fields, like the sciences or philosophy, such paragraphs are common in writings that attempt to explain or analyze difficult ideas, theories, or concepts. An explanatory paragraph can also be used to summarize someone else’s ideas or concepts that you plan to utilize in your own paper. Essay conclusions are often a kind of explanatory paragraphs because they summarize and reiterate the main ideas discussed in the paper. Explanatory paragraphs contain the following elements in order: 1. Begin with a topic sentence or a transition. 2. Following the topic sentence, there is an in-depth explanation without corroborating evidence, although if the explanation is of someone else’s ideas, you must cite this person. 3. The paragraph closes with either a summation. C. Evidential Paragraphs Evidential paragraphs are sometimes used to allow the writer to provide more evidence for a particular point made in a standard paragraph. These paragraphs act as an extension of the point made in the previous paragraph by supplementing the points with further, important evidence. In some fields, like in psychology where individual case studies are often used, there are occasions when there will be several evidential paragraphs for each sub point since the amount of evidence gathered is important to the proving of the point. Evidential paragraphs contain the following elements in order: 1. Begin with a topic sentence or a transition that reiterates the main point of the previous paragraph to remind the reader of the point under consideration. Paragraphs do not begin with quotations or other kinds of evidence. 2. Next, the writer introduces the next piece of evidence for the point as outlined for standard academic paragraphs above. 3. Then the writer provides the actual proof or evidence, followed by the necessary documentation as outlined above. 4. Next, writer must again explain the meaning of the evidence as outlined previously. [Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 as needed to provide additional, corroborating evidence. To avoid unwieldy paragraphs, keep in mind that a paragraph must have a sense of unity and that usually academic paragraphs run about 1/2 a double-spaced page in length. Therefore, put like evidence together in a paragraph, but use separate evidential paragraphs for items that defy categorization or if you have an overwhelming amount of evidence that you feel must be presented.] 5. The paragraph closes with either a summation of the point and, perhaps some kind of transition to the next point. D. Introductory Paragraphs All essays contain some kind of introductory paragraph or paragraphs. Often, this is where we feel that we can be the most â€Å"creative† in our writing because there are so many ways to begin an essay. Introductory paragraphs usually begin with a hook to draw the reader into the paper and, most often, end with the overall thesis of the paper. Sometimes the thesis includes a forecast of the paper’s major points. The hook might be a pithy quote, a brief anecdote, or hypothetical situation. Hooks can also be overviews of the problem or of current research on the subject. When using a hook, keep in mind that it should be handled like evidence; thus, it must be clearly introduced, documented, and explained. And, like evidence, it should be pithy–short and to the point. You don’t want the reader getting lost in the hook and never get to the point of the paper. In short papers, of 900-1200 words, introductions are usually one paragraph in length. In longer papers, they may run two to three paragraphs. In books, they could run to a whole chapter. Stereotypically, the academic conclusion is merely a repeat of the essay’s main points and overall thesis. A truly innovative conclusion may repeat the essential point, but suggest other avenues to pursue with the topic–suggesting your awareness that you are only one voice in an on-going discussion of the topic. E. Standard Paragraph Checklist Use the following checklist to analyze the format of your paper’s paragraphs. If a particular paragraph does not fit the standard format, re-evaluate it: does it at least fit the format of an explanatory, evidential, or introductory paragraph and is its format consistent with the purpose of the paragraph?

Essay on Raphael Sanzio Inspired - 1449 Words

It was once said by Josef Albers that, Any color subtracts its own hue from the colors which it carries and therefore influences. An artist works upon people, places, and things that incite them to express themselves. It is these things that lay the foundation for a masterpiece that goes on to influence future artists. This is how the artist Raphael Sanzio came about being one of the best of his time. Raphael took methods and ideas from his surrounding colleagues and then he would combine them with his own personality to create some of the best works from his era. Raphael Sanzios work of the Italian High Renaissance era is the result of influences and incorporation of techniques of Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pietro Perugino, and Leonardo†¦show more content†¦To make the work his own, Raphael would mix in his own personal sentiment into his work. Without this touch, Raphaels work would simply be a copy of the work by Pietro Perugino. (Raphael.) Not only does Raphaels artwork si mulate the paintings of Perugino but, it also channels a strong Da Vinci influence with its pyramidal composition, contour, balance, and interplay of light and dark (chiaroscuro) and sfumato (extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). (Raphael Sanzio.) Leonardo Da Vincis inspiration on Raphael can be most prominently seen in his well known series of Madonnas. One of the several techniques favorably utilized by Da Vinci is pyramidal composition. Pyramidal composition is a device used to pull the audiences eyes to view a painting from the top to the bottom rather than from left to right. In pyramidal compositon the objects in the painting are enclosed in what can be noted as an imaginary triangle. (Renaissance Baroque Art.) This technique can be easily and most obviously seen in Sanzios Madonna of Belvedere and The Canigiani Madonna. In Madonna of Belvedere see figure 3 the Virgin Mary is the main structure of the triangle. In her hands she is hol ding a child at her feet and is glancing at St. John. Because of the pyramidal composition, it draws the viewers eyes to begin looking at the picture from Marys head and work their way down to her feet where the two children are seen. Then in The CanigianiShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Raffaello Sanzio Da Urbino 1334 Words   |  6 PagesIntro Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, more commonly known as Raphael, was an admirable and innovative artist that lived during the High Renaissance period. He was a painter, an architect, and a poet, and his creativity left a lasting impact in the world of art. His painting in particular was highly regarded; some considered Raphael to be the incarnation of painting itself and others said he was the greatest painter of the western world. Even those who had a low opinion of Raphael gave him credit forRead MoreRenaissance Art : A New System Of Astronomy, Exploration Of The Natural World1217 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance Art is a large portion of the art we look at and get inspired by today, but where and who did it come from? Many things were developed such as the printing press, a new system of astronomy, exploration of continents. Also accompanied by the advancements in philosophy, literature, and especially art. Painting, sculptures, and decorative arts identified with the Renaissance eme rged from Italy in the 14th century. Renaissance art is an expression of Greco-Roman traditions, is captured theRead MoreBronzinos Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time and Manets Le Dejeuner sur Lherbe930 Words   |  4 Pagesmatter of ordinary modern life. Mannerism art, the period of new European art emerged in 1520 to 1600, was a breakthrough of traditional artistic style of Renaissance, which flourished for centuries. Artists in this era experienced the death of Raphael Sanzio, the great Italian artist of the High Renaissance, and sack of Rome, which brought chaos and concern to people in the period. So, they broke through the classical artistic rule of High Renaissance. Mannerists didn’t practice the rules of RenaissanceRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words   |  6 Pagesstatue still remains for display in Florence, Italy. Rafaello Sanzio, also known as â€Å"Raphael† is another famous painter and architect of the renaissance. Growing up in an artistic environment, Raphael began his painting career at a young age. It wasn’t long before his artistic talent became well known in his town. He was greatly inspired by the works from Leonardo and Michelangelo. Analyzing the art work of these artists a ssisted Raphael in improving his own painting skills and developing his personalRead MoreThe Renaissance And Its Influence On Classical Culture1101 Words   |  5 Pagesearlier period. Their style, while somewhat similar, yet also different. The influence from earlier was seen but more grandiose in many ways such as emotion and depth. In the first painting it is â€Å"The Sistine Madonna† by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, or known by many as Raphael. It was painted in 1513-1514. This art was originally displayed in the church of San Sisto, in Piacenza. This portrait was placed overlooking a crucifix, which may account for the saddened expressions on the faces of infant JesusRead MoreNorthern Humanism, Renaissance, and Late Mannerism1960 Words   |  8 Pagespatronage and commission, portraits and statues. The idea of humanism also affected the changing conditions toward art. Instead of suffering and serving, people could just create beauty, take their rewards and enjoy the aspects of life. This idea inspired people to be artists, which started to create a desire for attractiveness in living conditions and surroundings. These motivations brought the artists to reveal and learn again from the ancient Greek and Roman empires. It was an attempt to bringRead MoreThe Renaissance Was a Revolutionary Period2551 Words   |  11 Pagestechniques of art, a shift in artistic themes occurred due to a change in the artist’s perception of life and their values. The Renaissance is an era that was home to some of the most influential artists of all time – Michelangelo Buonarotti, Raffaello Sanzio, and Leonardo di Vinci were few of the many. One main characteristic that made the Renaissance revolutionary was realism; artists began to paint and produce what they saw rather than what an ideal was. Mirabello Cavalore produced The Wool FactoryRead MoreIntramuros4927 Words   |  20 Pagesthe metal embellished works from the  Tanjore  school. The paintings from the  Gandhar–Taxila  are influenced by the  Persian  works in the west. The eastern style of painting was mostly developed around the  Nalanda  school of art. The works are mostly inspired by various scenes from  Indian mythology. History The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of  prehistoric  times, the  petroglyphs  as found in places like the  Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, and some of them are older than 5500 BC. Such